Effect of Groove Shape in GTAW Welding on Bending Strength of Aluminium 6061
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71225/jstn.v1i4.74Keywords:
Aluminum Alloy 6061, Seam Shape, GTAW Welding, Flexural StrengthAbstract
The Aluminum alloy 6061 material is used to make components for light trains such as underframes, sidewalls, roofs, and endwalls. A joining process called welding is used to make train components. In the connection process using welding, many stages must be considered, such as the design stage starting from selecting the type of welding, to choosing the seam angle used. This research aims to determine the effect of the shape of the seam on GTAW welding on bending tests on aluminum alloy 6061 material. The shape of the seam used in this research is a variation of the shape of the seam square groove, V groove, and double V groove. The research method used is research by conducting tests, based on the treatment given to the test material, namely welding using GTAW welding on aluminum alloy 6061. To determine the strength of the joint, bending tests are carried out, and calculation of the bending strength and modulus of elasticity value so that the shape of the joint can be determined. Has a high elasticity value. After welding and bending tests were carried out, the highest average bending strength result was 94.83 MPa in the double V groove seam shape variation, and for the specimen that had the lowest bending strength it was 41.299 MPa in the square groove seam shape variation. The elastic modulus calculation was carried out showing that the largest elastic modulus value in the Double V groove seam shape was 295.929 MPa.
References
W. Wartono and A. Aprianto, "The Effect of Welding Current on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminum TIG Welded Butt-Joint Joints," J. Engine Energy, Manufacturing, and Mater., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 24, 2021, doi: 10.30588/jeemm.v5i1.848.
M. Dewi, "Study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Aluminum 6061 through cold rolling and aging processes," J. Furn., vol. 2, no. 1, 2016.
B. Surono, T. C. Wahyudi, E. Nugroho, and S. Santoso, "The Influence of Electrode Type on Steel Plate Welded Joints," vol. 12, no. 02, pp. 363–371, 2023.
C. Sutowo and A. Sanjaya, "The Effect of GTAW and SMAW Welding Results on Sa 516 Steel Plates with a Single V Seam," J. Tek., vol. 1, pp. 10–16, 2007.
Manikandan M, Arivazhagan N, Rao MN, Reddy GM. Improvement of microstructure and mechanical behavior of gas Tungsten Arc weldments of alloy C276 by current pulsing. Acta Metall Sin July. 2015;28(2):pp208–2015. https://doi. org/10.1007/s40195-014-0186-4.
Wu D, Cheng B, Liu J, Liu D, Ma G, Yao Z. Water cooling assisted laser dissimilar welding with filler wire of nickel-based alloy/austenitic stainless steel Sep, 2019; 45:pp652–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.08.003.
Singh G, Saxena RK, Pandey S. An examination of mechanical properties of dissimilar AISI 304 stainless steel and copper weldment obtained using GTAW. Mater Today Proc Jun. 2020;26(6):2783–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. matpr.2020.02.579.
Manh NH, Nguyen VA, Duy HL, Akihisa M, Le VT, Ngoc TQ, Gandham B. Development of a novel GTAW process for joining ultra-thin metal sheets. J Manuf Process Aug. 2022;80:683–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.06.043.
Bezawada S. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of welded joints between stainless steel and hastelloy made using pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding. J Mater Eng Perform Aug. 2022;32(3):1076–88. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11665-022-07197-2.
Lee YS, Sung JH. Microstructure and mechanical properties of hastelloy X fabricated using directed energy deposition. Metals May. 2023;13(5):885. https:// doi.org/10.3390/met13050885.
Hu J, Hu Y, Lan C, Zhang Q, Jin F, Li W, Lee X, Huang W. Cracking mechanism and control of Hastelloy X prepared by laser powder bed fusion. J Mater Res Technol Nov. 2022;21:3526–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.10.164.
Kadoi K, Hiraoka M, Xinozaki K, Obana T. Ductility-dip cracking susceptibility in dissimilar weld metals of alloy 690 filler metal and low alloy steel. Mater Sci Eng, A May. 2019;756:92–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.04.035.
Yuan Z, Chang F, Chen A, Li F, Ma R, Bai J, Zheng J. Microstructure and properties of SLM-Hastelloy X alloy after different hot isostatic pressing + heat treatment. Mater Sci Eng, A Sep. 2022;852:143714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. msea.2022.143714.
Wu B, Qiu Z, Dong B, Muransky O, Zhu H, Wang Z, Pan Z, Li H. Microstructural characterisation and hardness assessment of wire arc cladded Hastelloy C276 on creep resistant steel P91. J Mater Res Technol Aug. 2022;19:3818–27. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.06.129.
Tseng KH, Hsieh ST, Tseng CC. Effect of process parameters of micro-plasma arc welding on morphology and quality in stainless steel edge joint welds. Sci Technol Weld Join 2003;8:423–30. https://doi.org/10.1179/136217103225009107.
Hong Y, Chang B, Peng G, Yuan Z, Hou X, Xue B, et al. In-process monitoring of lack of fusion in ultra-thin sheets edge welding using machine vision. Sensors (Switzerland) 2018;18. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072411.
Long H, Gery D, Carlier A, Maropoulos PG. Prediction of welding distortion in butt joint of thin plates. Mater Des 2009;30:4126–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.05.004.
Hailat MM, Mian A, Chaudhury ZA, Newaz G, Patwa R, Herfurth HJ. Laser micro-welding of aluminum and copper with and without tin foil alloy. Microsyst Technol 2012;18:103–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-011-1378-8.
Verma M, Ahmed S, Saha P. Challenges, process requisites/inputs, mechanics and weld performance of dissimilar micro-friction stir welding (dissimilar μFSW): a comprehensive review. J Manuf Process 2021;68:249–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.05.045.
Scialpi A, De Giorgi M, De Filippis LAC, Nobile R, Panella FW. Mechanical analysis of ultra-thin friction stir welding joined sheets with dissimilar and similar materials. Materials & Design 2008;29:928–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2007.04.006.
Huang Y, Meng X, Zhang Y, Cao J, Feng J. Micro friction stir welding of ultra-thin Al-6061 sheets. J Mater Process Technol 2017;250:313–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.07.031.
Yamamoto H, Aoyama Y, Ito K, Yamada T, Tanaka M, Hoshikawa H, et al. Friction stir welding of ultra-high-purity aluminum thin sheets never to lower high conductivity at ultra-low temperature. Weld Int 2020;34:125–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2021.1921983.
Wirawan, W. A., Zulkarnain, A., Rozaq, F., Atmaja, D. S., Rachman, N. F., Sunardi, S., & Ibrahim, M. D. (2023, May). Investigation of mechanical and physical properties of continue drive welding on aluminium alloy (AA6061). In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2592, No. 1). AIP Publishing.
Mao Y, Ni Y, Xiao X, Qin D, Fu L. Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of micro friction stir welded dissimilar Al/Cu ultra-thin sheets. J Manuf Process 2020;60:356–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.10.064.
